Video Conferencing is conducting a conference between two or more participants at different sites by using computer network to transmit audio and video data. For example, a point-to-point (two-person) video conferencing system works much like a video telephone. Each participant has a video camera, microphone, and speakers mounted on his or her computer. As the two participants speak to one another, their voices are carried over the network and delivered to the other's speakers, and whatever images appear in front of the video camera appear in a window on the other participant's monitor.
Multipoint videoconferencing allows three or more participants to sit in a virtual conference room and communicate as if they were sitting right next to each other. Until the mid 90s, the hardware costs made videoconferencing prohibitively expensive for most organizations, but that situation is changing rapidly. Many analysts believe that videoconferencing will be one of the fastest growing segments of the computer industry in the latter half of the decade.
Advantage Video Conferencing
There are many advantages to video conferences:
1. Companies are able to have meetings easily between branches that are situated very far away.
2. Companies are able to save on travel and hotel costs, previously incurred through transporting different employees to one place. 3. Meetings can be organised at short notice. 4. Employees are able to work from home, increasing work flexibility.
5. Meetings do not require large room facilities.
Disadvantages of Video Conferencing
The disadvantages of Video Conferencing are :
1.Technology can fail or systems may crash/go off-line.
2.Have to give extra training to use the Equipment.
3.Need to employ somebody to set up and maintain Equipment.
4.Time zones may be different if conferencing in different parts of the world.
Type of Video Conferencing
There are three ways for you to set up a video conference:
Today,I want to share with all of you the latest technology inventions that can be use for human being.
1.CLOUD COMPUTING
Analysts predict that by 2014 the latest technology inventions related to cloud computing will significantly influence how we use our computers.
Cloud computing is where tasks and file storage on your computer are performed and stored elsewhere.
By using an internet connection you can connect to a service that has the architecture, infrastructure and software to manage any task or storage requirement at less cost.
The advantages of cloud computing is that it eliminates the difficulty and expense of maintaining, upgrading and scaling your own computer hardware and software while increasing efficiency, speed and resources.
Your computer's processing speed, memory capacity, software applications and maintenance requirements are minimized.
You could store and access any size or type of file, play games, use or develop applications, render videos, word process, make scientific calculations, or anything you want, by simply using a smart phone.
As a comparison, let's say you had to generate your own electricity. You would need to maintain, upgrade and scale these resources as required to meet your demands. This would be expensive and time consuming.
Cloud computing could be compared to how a utility provides electricity. It has the architecture, infrastructure, applications, expertise and resources to generate this service for you. You just connect to their grid.
Microsoft, IBM and Google are some of the companies that are investing heavily into the research and development of cloud technology.
2.CAR GPS TRACKING
Car Gps Tracking is fairly common in new vehicles, providing drivers with tracking and navigation.
However, latest technology inventions have made car gps tracking systems more sophisticated, allowing for a wide range of additional uses.
Smartbox technology is one example of how car gps tracking systems are being used to lower car insurance.
A comprehensive recording of a driver's habits allows insurance companies to provide "pay-as-you-drive" car insurance.
City officials in New York City are considering how car gps tracking could be used as "Drive Smart" technology.
Most large cities have a limited capability to change the infrastructure of their roadways.
A car gps tracking system that integrates with traffic information would give drivers the ability to select routes in real time that were more fuel efficient, less congested, faster or shorter.
A driver's recorded routing selection could then be used to penalize or reward drivers by lowering or increasing their related licensing fees or by calculating mileage based "road-use" fees.
Eventually, such a system would replace gasoline tax since these revenues will decline as more vehicles become less dependent on fossil fuels.
After last two week I have learn about the cabling,today I want to share with you about the network cabling and the varies type of cables.
What is Network Cabling?
Cable is the medium through which information usually moves from one network device to another. There are several types of cable which are commonly used with LANs. In some cases, a network will utilize only one type of cable, other networks will use a variety of cable types. The type of cable chosen for a network is related to the network's topology, protocol, and size. Understanding the characteristics of different types of cable and how they relate to other aspects of a network is necessary for the development of a successful network.
There are several type of cable :
Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Cable
Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) Cable
Coaxial Cable
Fiber Optic Cable
Unshielded Twisted Pair Connector
The standard connector for unshielded twisted pair cabling is an RJ-45 connector. This is a plastic connector that looks like a large telephone-style connector (See fig. 2). A slot allows the RJ-45 to be inserted only one way. RJ stands for Registered Jack, implying that the connector follows a standard borrowed from the telephone industry. This standard designates which wire goes with each pin inside the connector.
RJ Connector
Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) Cable
Although UTP cable is the least expensive cable, it may be susceptible to radio and electrical frequency interference (it should not be too close to electric motors, fluorescent lights, etc.). If you must place cable in environments with lots of potential interference, or if you must place cable in extremely sensitive environments that may be susceptible to the electrical current in the UTP, shielded twisted pair may be the solution. Shielded cables can also help to extend the maximum distance of the cables.
STP involves three different configurations.Which is :
Each pair of wires is individually shielded with foil.
There is a foil or braid shield inside the jacket covering all wires (as a group).
There is a shield around each individual pair, as well as around the entire group of wires (referred to as double shield twisted pair).
Coaxial Cable
Coaxial cabling has a single copper conductor at its center. A plastic layer provides insulation between the center conductor and a braided metal shield. The metal shield helps to block any outside interference from fluorescent lights, motors, and other computers.
Coaxial Cable
Although coaxial cabling is difficult to install, it is highly resistant to signal interference. In addition, it can support greater cable lengths between network devices than twisted pair cable. The two types of coaxial cabling are thick coaxial and thin coaxial.
Thin coaxial cable is also referred to as thinnet. 10Base2 refers to the specifications for thin coaxial cable carrying Ethernet signals. The 2 refers to the approximate maximum segment length being 200 meters. In actual fact the maximum segment length is 185 meters. Thin coaxial cable has been popular in school networks, especially linear bus networks.
Thick coaxial cable is also referred to as thicknet. 10Base5 refers to the specifications for thick coaxial cable carrying Ethernet signals. The 5 refers to the maximum segment length being 500 meters. Thick coaxial cable has an extra protective plastic cover that helps keep moisture away from the center conductor. This makes thick coaxial a great choice when running longer lengths in a linear bus network. One disadvantage of thick coaxial is that it does not bend easily and is difficult to install.
Coaxial Cable Connector
The most common type of connector used with coaxial cables is the Bayone-Neill-Concelman (BNC) connector (See fig. 4). Different types of adapters are available for BNC connectors, including a T-connector, barrel connector, and terminator. Connectors on the cable are the weakest points in any network. To help avoid problems with your network, always use the BNC connectors that crimp, rather screw, onto the cable.
BNC Connector
Fiber Optic Cable
Fiber optic cabling consists of a center glass core surrounded by several layers of protective materials. It transmits light rather than electronic signals eliminating the problem of electrical interference. This makes it ideal for certain environments that contain a large amount of electrical interference. It has also made it the standard for connecting networks between buildings, due to its immunity to the effects of moisture and lighting.
Fiber optic cable has the ability to transmit signals over much longer distances than coaxial and twisted pair. It also has the capability to carry information at vastly greater speeds. This capacity broadens communication possibilities to include services such as video conferencing and interactive services. The cost of fiber optic cabling is comparable to copper cabling; however, it is more difficult to install and modify. 10BaseF refers to the specifications for fiber optic cable carrying Ethernet signals.
The center core of fiber cables is made from glass or plastic fibers (see fig 5). A plastic coating then cushions the fiber center, and kevlar fibers help to strengthen the cables and prevent breakage. The outer insulating jacket made of teflon or PVC.
William Howard Gates III, better known as Bill Gates, was born on 28 October 1955 in Seattle , Washington. He is best known as co-founder of software giant Microsoft™ Corporation, a company he and Paul Allen bootstrapped in 1979. The enormous success of Microsoft has amassed the entrepreneur an astounding fortune, earning him the title of “richest man in the world” from 1995 - 2007, according to Forbes Magazine. As of 2007, Bill Gates’ worth is estimated at $59 billion US Dollars (USD).
Bill Gates was born to a well-to-do family, his father a successful lawyer, his mother a board member for First Interstate Bank. Gates has two siblings, Kristianne and Libby. Throughout grammar school Gates excelled in math and science, and enrolled in Lakeside, an exclusive preparatory school.
At Lakeside the young Bill Gates was exposed to his first computers in the form of Teletype terminals networked to a remote server. Use of the Teletype required purchasing time blocks from the server. Gates and his Lakeside friends were banned from one system after administrators learned the kids were exploiting bugs (flaws) in the system to acquire free time.
Gates quickly developed a passionate interest in computer operating systems, source code and computer languages, including BASIC, FORTRAN, LISP and COBOL. He and Allen were soon getting work searching for vulnerabilities in existing systems and writing proprietary programs. By age 14 Gates founded a short-lived venture with Allen that earned Gates $20,000 USD in the first year.
Interested in law, Bill Gates enrolled in Harvard College in 1973, but the world would have different plans for the future software mogul. Just two years into Harvard Gates took a leave of absence to work with Allen writing an operating system (OS) for what is now considered to be the prerunner to personal computers, the Altair 8800. The two young men formed a partnership they initially called “Micro-soft,” later shortening to “Microsoft” to be trademarked in November 1976.
Perhaps foreshadowing things to come, the Altair operating system that Bill Gates and Paul Allen wrote was widely copied and shared among computer enthusiasts, prompting Gates to write an open letter in February 1976. In his letter Gates conveyed his distress at having people use the OS without making payment, stressing the time and work that goes into programming and the inability to provide quality software without fair compensation.
Four years later in 1980, IBM approached Gates to provide an operating system for an upcoming personal computer line. Gates suggested 86-DOS, an operating system written by Tim Patterson of Seattle Computer Products (SCP). Gates subsequently negotiated with SCP to make Microsoft the sole licensing agent of 86-DOS and eventually full owner, never mentioning the potential mega-contract with IBM. Microsoft adapted the OS, renamed it “PC-DOS” and asked IBM for a one-time fee, retaining copyright. When IBM clones hit the market as Bill Gates predicted they would, every computer required a copy of Microsoft’s operating system, licensed directly from Microsoft.
If MS-DOS opened the door to Bill Gates’ legendary status in the computer world, the Windows™ operating system kicked it wide open. While MS-DOS was a text-based command-line OS, Windows revolutionized the personal computer world, providing an easy, graphical, point-and-click interface that made computers accessible to everyone. The market exploded from a relatively small community of computer geeks to the general public, and businesses large and small.
The Windows OS created a de facto monopoly for Bill Gates in the IBM PC market. Microsoft frequently bought out small up-and-coming companies that were developing popular software packages, absorbing the products into the Microsoft line. In many cases Bill Gates was criticized for his aggressiveness in forcing out competition. This came to a head in the mid 90’s when Microsoft packaged Internet Explorer with Windows 95, essentially “pushing” its browser upon new computer users, usurping Netscape™’s market share. In 1998 the U.S. Department of Justice brought charges against Microsoft in an antitrust case, eventually ending with a ruling against the software giant.
In 1994 Bill Gates married Microsoft employee Melinda Ann French. They had three children: Jennifer (b. 1996), Rory (b. 1999) and Phoebe (b. 2002). Gates has received honorary doctorates from universities in the Netherlands, Sweden, Tokyo and from Harvard. In 2000 he and Melinda founded the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, donating billions to improve global health care, fight AIDS, improve educational opportunities and provide scholarships. Gates also received an honorary Knighthood from Queen Elizabeth II in 2005, and was named one of the most influential people of the 20th Century by Time Magazine.
Hai everyone.Today I would like to share about varies type of computer.Nowadays,There are a lot of computer.Here are several type of computer.....
Analog Computer
These are almost extinct today. These are different from a digital computer because an analog computer can perform several mathematical operations simultaneously. It uses continuous variables for mathematical operations and utilizes mechanical or electrical energy.
ANALOG COMPUTERS
Digital Computer
They use digital circuits and are designed to operate on two states, namely bits 0 and 1. They are analogous to states ON and OFF. Data on these computers is represented as a series of 0s and 1s. Digital computers are suitable for complex computation and have higher processing speeds. They are programmable. Digital computers are either general purpose computers or special purpose ones. General purpose computers, as their name suggests, are designed for specific types of data processing while general purpose computers are meant for general use.
DIGITAL COMPUTERS
Hybrid Computer
These computers are a combination of both digital and analog computers. In this type of computers, the digital segments perform process control by conversion of analog signals to digital ones.
HYBRID COMPUTERS
Mainframe Computer
Large organizations use mainframes for highly critical applications such as bulk data processing and ERP. Most of the mainframe computers have capacities to host multiple operating systems and operate as a number of virtual machines. They can substitute for several small servers.
MAINFRAME COMPUTERS
Microcomputers
A computer with a microprocessor and its central processing unit is known as a microcomputer. They do not occupy space as much as mainframes do. When supplemented with a keyboard and a mouse, microcomputers can be called personal computers. A monitor, a keyboard and other similar input-output devices, computer memory in the form of RAM and a power supply unit come packaged in a microcomputer. These computers can fit on desks or tables and prove to be the best choice for single-user tasks.
MICROCOMPUTERS
Desktop Computer
A desktop is intended to be used on a single location. The spare parts of a desktop computer are readily available at relatively lower costs. Power consumption is not as critical as that in laptops. Desktops are widely popular for daily use in the workplace and households.
DESKTOP COMPUTERS
Laptops
Similar in operation to desktops, laptop computers are miniaturized and optimized for mobile use. Laptops run on a single battery or an external adapter that charges the computer batteries. They are enabled with an inbuilt keyboard, touch pad acting as a mouse and a liquid crystal display. Their portability and capacity to operate on battery power have proven to be of great help to mobile users.
LAPTOPS
Netbooks
They fall in the category of laptops, but are inexpensive and relatively smaller in size. They had a smaller feature set and lesser capacities in comparison to regular laptops, at the time they came into the market. But with passing time, netbooks too began featuring almost everything that notebooks had. By the end of 2008, netbooks had begun to overtake notebooks in terms of market share and sales.
Personal Digital Assitants (PDAs)
It is a handheld computer and popularly known as a palmtop. It has a touch screen and a memory card for storage of data. PDAs can also be used as portable audio players, web browsers and smartphones. Most of them can access the Internet by means of Bluetooth or Wi-Fi communication.
PDAs
Minicomputers
In terms of size and processing capacity, minicomputers lie in between mainframes and microcomputers. Minicomputers are also called mid-range systems or workstations. The term began to be popularly used in the 1960s to refer to relatively smaller third generation computers. They took up the space that would be needed for a refrigerator or two and used transistor and core memory technologies. The 12-bit PDP-8 minicomputer of the Digital Equipment Corporation was the first successful minicomputer.
MINI COMPUTERS
Servers
They are computers designed to provide services to client machines in a computer network. They have larger storage capacities and powerful processors. Running on them are programs that serve client requests and allocate resources like memory and time to client machines. Usually they are very large in size, as they have large processors and many hard drives. They are designed to be fail-safe and resistant to crash.
Supercomputers
The highly calculation-intensive tasks can be effectively performed by means of supercomputers. Quantum physics, mechanics, weather forecasting, molecular theory are best studied by means of supercomputers. Their ability of parallel processing and their well-designed memory hierarchy give the supercomputers, large transaction processing powers.
SUPERCOMPUTERS
Wearable Computers
A record-setting step in the evolution of computers was the creation of wearable computers. These computers can be worn on the body and are often used in the study of behavior modeling and human health. Military and health professionals have incorporated wearable computers into their daily routine, as a part of such studies. When the users' hands and sensory organs are engaged in other activities, wearable computers are of great help in tracking human actions. Wearable computers do not have to be turned on and off and remain in operation without user intervention.
WEARABLE COMPUTERS
Tablet Computers
Tablets are mobile computers that are very handy to use. They use the touch screen technology. Tablets come with an onscreen keyboard or use a stylus or a digital pen. Apple's iPad redefined the class of tablet computers.
